AutismKB 2.0

Annotation Detail for GALM


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Basic Information Top
Gene Symbol:GALM ( IBD1 )
Gene Full Name: galactose mutarotase (aldose 1-epimerase)
Band: 2p22.1
Quick LinksEntrez ID:130589; OMIM: 608883; Uniprot ID:GALM_HUMAN; ENSEMBL ID: ENSG00000143891; HGNC ID: 24063
Relate to Another Database: SFARIGene; denovo-db
Related Pathway Information Top
Pathway IDPathway Name
PWY-6317galactose degradation I (Leloir pathway)
PWY66-373sucrose degradation
Pathway IDPathway Name
hsa00010Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
No data
No data
No data
No data
Related Diseases/Disorders Top
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database Top
Chemical ID Chemical Name Interaction Interaction Action Publication
C016403 2,4-dinitrotoluene 2,4-dinitrotoluene affects the expression of GALM mRNAaffects expression 21346803
C009505 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane results in decreased expression of GALM mRNAdecreases expression 18648102
D000082 Acetaminophen Acetaminophen affects the expression of GALM mRNAaffects expression 17562736
D016604 Aflatoxin B1 Aflatoxin B1 affects the expression of GALM proteinaffects expression 20106945
D001564 Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene results in decreased expression of GALM mRNAdecreases expression 20106945
20064835
D020122 tert-Butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide results in increased expression of GALM mRNAincreases expression 15003993
D016572 Cyclosporine Cyclosporine results in decreased expression of GALM mRNAdecreases expression 20106945
D004958 Estradiol Estradiol results in decreased expression of GALM mRNAdecreases expression 20106945
D005485 Flutamide Flutamide analog results in increased expression of GALM mRNAincreases expression 17702527
D005485 Flutamide Flutamide results in increased expression of GALM mRNAincreases expression 17702527
D011374 Progesterone Progesterone affects the expression of GALM mRNAaffects expression 17251523
D012402 Rotenone Rotenone results in increased expression of GALM mRNAincreases expression 17702527
D013749 Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin results in increased expression of GALM mRNAincreases expression 20106945
C025643 vinclozolin vinclozolin affects the expression of GALM mRNAaffects expression 19015723
Disease ID Disease Name Direct Evidence Inference Chemical Name Inference Score Publication
MESH:D000014 Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2.9611752688 14514962 15322242
MESH:D000230 Adenocarcinoma Benzo(a)pyrene 4.3420127859 20464547
MESH:D000230 Adenocarcinoma Estradiol 4.3411473722
MESH:D000236 Adenoma 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 6.753712494
MESH:D000236 Adenoma Benzo(a)pyrene 6.756695378
MESH:D018248 Adenoma, Liver Cell Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.4916835633
MESH:D000740 Anemia Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.0211748828
MESH:D000799 Angioedema Acetaminophen 3.9810982225
MESH:D001008 Anxiety Disorders vinclozolin 3.7019015723
MESH:D017544 Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal Benzo(a)pyrene 4.1819183758
MESH:D001321 Autistic Disorder Acetaminophen 1.4118445737
MESH:D001660 Biliary Tract Diseases 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 5.1511289319 1440618
MESH:D001778 Blood Coagulation Disorders Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.1212125929
MESH:D001836 Body Weight Changes Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.9215340226
MESH:D001848 Bone Diseases, Developmental Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2.8115746008
MESH:D020201 Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic Progesterone 5.4717868700
MESH:D001930 Brain Injuries Progesterone 4.3615665606 15845082 15380490
MESH:D001943 Breast Neoplasms Benzo(a)pyrene 1.9417474063 20146248
MESH:D001943 Breast Neoplasms Estradiol 1.9418497071 17289903 17018787 12948864 19861407 14630087 16675129 17261762
MESH:D001943 Breast Neoplasms Progesterone 1.9417614352 16175315 15562024
MESH:D001943 Breast Neoplasms Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 1.9420435547
MESH:D002181 Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal Estradiol 4.5816111702
MESH:D002277 Carcinoma Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2.8616835633
MESH:D006528 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular 2,4-dinitrotoluene 8.9916705839
MESH:D006528 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 8.997296757 3581430
MESH:D006528 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Acetaminophen 8.993084413
MESH:D006528 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Aflatoxin B1 8.9921507988 12907637 12619106
MESH:D006528 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Estradiol 8.9916924424
MESH:D002292 Carcinoma, Renal Cell 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 2.717296757
MESH:D002294 Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Benzo(a)pyrene 2.0720419170
MESH:D006332 Cardiomegaly Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2.4118850075 18670907 16120746
MESH:D002386 Cataract Acetaminophen 2.6310977129
MESH:D002471 Cell Transformation, Neoplastic 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 11.477505956
MESH:D002471 Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cyclosporine 11.4712371664
MESH:D002471 Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Estradiol 11.4718566989
MESH:D018281 Cholangiocarcinoma Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.2316835633
MESH:D002779 Cholestasis 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 8.089022650 19486331
MESH:D002779 Cholestasis Cyclosporine 8.0819486331
MESH:D002972 Cleft Palate Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2.1315340226 8697196 12621046 15668235 16354765
MESH:D000013 Congenital Abnormalities Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.1314669216 17141729
MESH:D019465 Craniofacial Abnormalities Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 1.2610048152 15322242 20055451
MESH:D003456 Cryptorchidism vinclozolin 4.4414966744
MESH:D003490 Cyanosis 2,4-dinitrotoluene 4.1218551238
MESH:D017449 Dermatitis, Allergic Contact 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 2.9011298694 12868966 8970840 18759878 11906362 14531868 8156756 2524372
MESH:D003877 Dermatitis, Contact 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 3.583621924 2952479
MESH:D003924 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 1.6817107852
MESH:D003928 Diabetic Nephropathies Estradiol 3.4819279558
MESH:D003929 Diabetic Neuropathies Progesterone 4.6017187935
MESH:D056486 Drug-Induced Liver Injury 2,4-dinitrotoluene 9.1318551238 21346803
MESH:D056486 Drug-Induced Liver Injury 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 9.138291058 6679447 7440962 16192314 9022650 18289764 18648102 18692083 1440618 9653073 9328219 6482804 11289319
MESH:D056486 Drug-Induced Liver Injury Acetaminophen 9.1319164858 16081117 11529661 14986274 18713872 16227642 16393943 11834606 16485898 11461765 19370779 18071297 17562736 19416960 12153990 17906064 10774834 17522070 15968718 11421492 19085960 11287661 12392966 12705907 16177239 12958197 15619225 10915739 14550746 16109766 11739529 10663392 2444490 16781746 12540782 14725611 11743745 19739265 12594235 19420014 19923254
MESH:D056486 Drug-Induced Liver Injury Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 9.1320420201
MESH:D056487 Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Acetaminophen 4.2319426721
MESH:D004362 Drug Toxicity Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2.8211462148
MESH:D004487 Edema Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2.4611000095 12711302
MESH:D004489 Edema, Cardiac Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 4.0416714409 15322242 18230668
MESH:D004681 Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental Progesterone 3.8717692515
MESH:D016889 Endometrial Neoplasms Estradiol 3.0311473722 18566989 19148513
MESH:D004715 Endometriosis Progesterone 9.1916134523
MESH:D004715 Endometriosis Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 9.1910568697 9294722
MESH:D004938 Esophageal Neoplasms 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4.433581430
MESH:D004938 Esophageal Neoplasms Benzo(a)pyrene 4.4316530937
MESH:D005124 Eye Abnormalities Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.0711564622
MESH:D005234 Fatty Liver Cyclosporine 2.9419224547
MESH:D005313 Fetal Death Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.5611858732
MESH:D005350 Fibroma 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 5.156705139
MESH:D005355 Fibrosis Cyclosporine 8.8312639820 12168785
MESH:D005355 Fibrosis Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 8.8320067830
MESH:D005756 Gastritis Acetaminophen 3.8116983495
MESH:D030342 Genetic Diseases, Inborn vinclozolin 5.0516973722
MESH:D005832 Genital Diseases, Male vinclozolin 5.4316417039
MESH:D005885 Gingival Hyperplasia Cyclosporine 4.348708960
MESH:D006042 Goiter 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4.127505956
MESH:D006058 Gonadal Disorders Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 4.7310696789
MESH:D006330 Heart Defects, Congenital Benzo(a)pyrene 6.5820471113
MESH:D006330 Heart Defects, Congenital Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 6.5811294989 10048152
MESH:D006457 Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal Cyclosporine 4.5415720958
MESH:D006470 Hemorrhage Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.4211000095
MESH:D006505 Hepatitis 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 3.616705139
MESH:D006529 Hepatomegaly Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.0015340226 16120746 12621046
MESH:D006558 Herpes Genitalis Estradiol 5.1715709030
MESH:D019584 Hot Flashes Estradiol 3.8917088409
MESH:D006869 Hydronephrosis Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 4.1816959395 18606429 8697196 15340226 16354765
MESH:D006930 Hyperalgesia Acetaminophen 2.7616870215
MESH:D017588 Hyperandrogenism Flutamide 5.5915356085
MESH:D006965 Hyperplasia 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4.0415034207
MESH:D006973 Hypertension Cyclosporine 5.0410903974
MESH:D006973 Hypertension Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 5.0418670907 18850075
MESH:D020244 Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery Progesterone 4.5115869954
MESH:D007248 Infertility, Male vinclozolin 3.0916467254
MESH:D007249 Inflammation Progesterone 5.1115869954
MESH:D007249 Inflammation Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 5.1112200463 12878042
MESH:D007333 Insulin Resistance Estradiol 3.0216627594 16393666
MESH:D007565 Jaundice 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 5.158074119 9022650
MESH:D007569 Jaw Abnormalities Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.4216580747
MESH:D007638 Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Cyclosporine 4.5815604871
MESH:D007674 Kidney Diseases Acetaminophen 10.2412587719 15629191
MESH:D007674 Kidney Diseases Cyclosporine 10.2418776723 10903974 8314463
MESH:D007674 Kidney Diseases Estradiol 10.2415618244
MESH:D007680 Kidney Neoplasms 2,4-dinitrotoluene 18.3216705839
MESH:D007680 Kidney Neoplasms 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 18.326582329
MESH:D007680 Kidney Neoplasms Cyclosporine 18.3212371664
MESH:D007680 Kidney Neoplasms Estradiol 18.3215610895
MESH:D007984 Leydig Cell Tumor vinclozolin 4.8516417039
MESH:D008105 Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 3.249327722 15034207
MESH:D008106 Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental Estradiol 2.2814716833 14659978
MESH:D008106 Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2.2812878042
MESH:D008107 Liver Diseases Acetaminophen 1.6519460945 16611625 19014921 16610002 12969438 11587558 19784758 12587719
MESH:D017114 Liver Failure, Acute Acetaminophen 3.3117185352 16871587
MESH:D008113 Liver Neoplasms Aflatoxin B1 7.559163691 18177683 2125692 15890375
MESH:D008113 Liver Neoplasms Benzo(a)pyrene 7.5521137059 20195826
MESH:D008113 Liver Neoplasms Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 7.5516984957
MESH:D008114 Liver Neoplasms, Experimental 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 10.09598648 6587162 1399818 3712494
MESH:D008114 Liver Neoplasms, Experimental Aflatoxin B1 10.098603461
MESH:D008114 Liver Neoplasms, Experimental Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 10.0912151625
MESH:D008175 Lung Neoplasms Aflatoxin B1 3.4114755239
MESH:D008175 Lung Neoplasms Benzo(a)pyrene 3.4118816296 20464547 18569708 18520028 20869020 20064080 17053015 6695378 20135361
MESH:D008175 Lung Neoplasms Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.4111884234 19555203
MESH:D008325 Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental Estradiol 6.2316891317 17203775 11807958 11408345
MESH:D008325 Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental Progesterone 6.2317203775 11408345
MESH:D020149 Manganese Poisoning Estradiol 4.6219453300
MESH:D008546 Melanoma, Experimental Acetaminophen 3.6719513568
MESH:D008664 Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors Cyclosporine 4.9216801185
MESH:D009062 Mouth Neoplasms Benzo(a)pyrene 3.2516381670
MESH:D017202 Myocardial Ischemia Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.0812213967
MESH:D015428 Myocardial Reperfusion Injury Estradiol 3.3416810080
MESH:D009336 Necrosis 2,4-dinitrotoluene 3.9718551238
MESH:D009362 Neoplasm Metastasis 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 2.503581430
MESH:D009369 Neoplasms Benzo(a)pyrene 2.2011141357
MESH:D009389 Neovascularization, Pathologic Estradiol 3.8517289903
MESH:D009402 Nephrosis, Lipoid Cyclosporine 4.5817954296
MESH:D009404 Nephrotic Syndrome Cyclosporine 3.3619348381 18481113
MESH:D009410 Nerve Degeneration Rotenone 3.9415790535 17356569 18619942
MESH:D009421 Nervous System Malformations Estradiol 9.7816427766 11399458
MESH:D009421 Nervous System Malformations Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 9.7814600291
MESH:D009436 Neural Tube Defects 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 2.966679447
MESH:D019636 Neurodegenerative Diseases Acetaminophen 2.9418514411
MESH:D009784 Occupational Diseases 2,4-dinitrotoluene 9.1412819281 16049721
MESH:D009784 Occupational Diseases 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 9.146482804 4026338
MESH:D009902 Optic Neuritis 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 5.153988306
MESH:D010051 Ovarian Neoplasms Estradiol 4.9519401270
MESH:D010051 Ovarian Neoplasms Progesterone 4.9516525653 17393432
MESH:D010146 Pain Acetaminophen 2.4616870215
MESH:D010212 Papilloma 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 3.597296757
MESH:D010300 Parkinson Disease Rotenone 3.0018191903 18619942 19114014 19232380 11535288 16412576 15451049 16140633 11445065
MESH:D020734 Parkinsonian Disorders Rotenone 4.1518197244 15795934 15574749 15927086
MESH:D010382 Peliosis Hepatis Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 4.3812520081
MESH:D010787 Photosensitivity Disorders 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4.606228378
MESH:D011085 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Flutamide 5.0915356085
MESH:D017119 Porphyria Cutanea Tarda Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.6518163543
MESH:D011230 Precancerous Conditions Cyclosporine 3.2912371664
MESH:D011297 Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 9.8811399792 11896295 11222880 11118676
MESH:D011297 Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects vinclozolin 9.8819015723 18220299 18042343
MESH:D011469 Prostatic Diseases vinclozolin 5.0518220299
MESH:D019048 Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Estradiol 3.9720887781
MESH:D011471 Prostatic Neoplasms Benzo(a)pyrene 2.6617292933
MESH:D011471 Prostatic Neoplasms Estradiol 2.6616740699
MESH:D011471 Prostatic Neoplasms Flutamide 2.663169114
MESH:D011472 Prostatitis vinclozolin 5.0518629315
MESH:D011565 Psoriasis Cyclosporine 2.2516882103
MESH:D015619 Respiratory System Abnormalities Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3.9318990726
MESH:D012162 Retinal Degeneration 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 3.433692021
MESH:D012468 Salivary Gland Neoplasms Progesterone 2.8818045962
MESH:D012640 Seizures 2,4-dinitrotoluene 2.5818551238
MESH:D012878 Skin Neoplasms Benzo(a)pyrene 9.6119755658 10029692
MESH:D012878 Skin Neoplasms tert-Butylhydroperoxide 9.618532709
MESH:D012878 Skin Neoplasms Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 9.6116192470
MESH:D013119 Spinal Cord Injuries Progesterone 4.4015862959 16503802
MESH:D013274 Stomach Neoplasms Benzo(a)pyrene 1.5620155912 2093021
MESH:D013959 Thyroid Diseases Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 4.0412697716
MESH:D013964 Thyroid Neoplasms 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 2.953712494 6582329 1399818 7505956 6587162
MESH:D013978 Tibial Fractures Estradiol 4.8219048282
MESH:D001749 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms 2,4-dinitrotoluene 8.4416049721
MESH:D001749 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 8.448074119
MESH:D001749 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Benzo(a)pyrene 8.4417053015
MESH:D014571 Urologic Neoplasms 2,4-dinitrotoluene 4.4310091137
MESH:D014581 Urticaria Acetaminophen 3.0610982225
MESH:D014605 Uveitis Cyclosporine 4.121336536
MESH:D054079 Vascular Malformations Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 4.7312125929
MESH:D019282 Wasting Syndrome Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 4.3815886252
MESH:D014985 Xerophthalmia Cyclosporine 4.5817120751
Pathway ID Pathway Name
KEGG:00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
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Syndromic Genes

Non-syndromic Genes

AutismKB Statistics

  • Studies: 1,036
  • Genes: 1,379
  • CNVs/SVs: 5,420
  • SNVs/Indels: 11,669
  • de novo Mutations: 5,669
  • Mosaics: 789
  • Linkage Regions: 172
  • Paper Collected: 6/30/2018
  • Last Update: 8/26/2018


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